Burma Update

BangkokPost: 25 sept.2007


Rangoon - A military ban on the monk-led protests that have rocked the former capital of Burma for a week persuaded thousands of Buddhist clergy to remain in their temples Tuesday morning, but a hardcore group marched to the iconic Shwedagon Pagoda.

About 100 monks arrived at the famed pagoda about noon in open defiance of a government order Monday night to abide by Buddhist "rules and regulations."

The order, which was repeated by state media Tuesday morning, has signalled that the Burmese junta is ready to crack down on the monks' barefoot rebellion, which climaxed Monday with up to 100,000 marchers in Rangoon and other cities.

On Monday night, Brigadier-General Thura Myint Maung, the minister of religion, issued a televised warning to all monks to obey Buddhist rules that prohibit the clergy from engaging in political activities.

The military-controlled Buddhist clergy, the Sangha Nayaka Committee, met with abbots of Rangoon Buddhist temples Tuesday morning and instructed them to prevent all monks from marching and to send visiting student monks back to the provinces.

"They told us to prevent a repeat of 1988," said an abbot of a temple in Rangoon's Yankin township.

In 1988, Burma was rocked by nationwide demonstrations against the military regime's incompetent rule, which had dragged the country down from one of the wealthiest in Asia prior to World War II to an economic basket case by 1987.

Economic hardships are partly behind the recent protests.

Without warning or consultations, the government more than doubled fuel prices on August 15, exacerbating the plight of the impoverished Burmese people overnight. The country has been suffering from double-digit inflation since 2006.

"What right do the military have to tell us not to protest?" said the Yankin temple abbot. "The monks belong to the laymen, so if the (Burmese) people are poor, the monks are poor, too."

Anti-inflation protests first started in Rangoon on August 19, led by former student activists and opposition politicians. Earlier this month, the movement was taken up by the monkhood.

The nation's 400,000-strong monkhood has a long history of political activism in Burma, having played a pivotal role in the independence struggle against Great Britain in 1947 and the anti-military demonstrations of 1988, which ended in bloodshed.

Observers have been amazed that Burma's military rulers have waited so long to suppress the monks' rebellion and attribute it to the influence of China on the pariah state.

"I can see no other explantion for their restraint," one European diplomat said. "They've shot monks in the past."

China is one of the few countries allied with Burma's military junta, having used its veto to prevent the United Nations Security Council from further pressuring the regime last year. (dpa)

The Nation Editorial: September 17, 2007

New Delhi's support of the regime in Rangoon severely damages its international credibility

It was amazing to witness how India chose to respond to questions on its relations with Burma. When visiting Indian Foreign Minister Pranab Mukherjee was in town last week, he was immediately taken to task on the issue. Questions from the floor by American and British diplomats as well as journalists focused exclusively on relations between India and Burma. After all, India, the world's largest democracy, is actively supporting one of the world's most famous rogue states, which continues to oppress its people.

Confronted with uncompromising and undiplomatic questions, Mukherjee simply recited the textbook answer that one of India's cardinal principles is not to interfere with the domestic affairs of another country. When he was asked how India could back a regime with one of the world's worst human-rights records, he responded with a deadpan expression that it is essentially the job of the people in the country to decide what government they want.

It is very disappointing that India has chosen to maintain this strange policy of support concerning the military junta in Burma. Certainly, one realises that India, which shares a border with Burma in Nagaland in eastern India, would have to accommodate the leaders in Rangoon to a certain degree on issues of common concern along the border, especially insurgents. But nobody would have expected India to kowtow to Burma in such a way.

India's policy towards Burma is a shame. The Burmese people have already decided that they do not want their government and India is doing nothing. The Indian foreign minister's answers help explain why India will remain aloof in the scheme of things in Asia, especially when it comes to institutional building.

No wonder that when India is compared with China, China prevails. Even though China is also a supporter of Burma, the reasons its leaders give for relations with Burma have been more circumspect and sensible. Following growing international pressure, including that from UN secretary-general Ban Ki-moon, China has begun to assert pressure on Burma in discreet ways. Burmese foreign minister Nyan Win was summoned to Beijing recently.

If India wants to "Look East" and continues to deal with Burma in such an unaccountable manner, its future position and reputation will be greatly jeopardised. One of the few reasons why India was not admitted into Apec this year in Sydney was its support for the Burmese regime. With the US, a key Apec member, lashing out at Burma, it would have been odd for India's membership bid to receive support. If New Delhi continues with its current policy, India will be caught in a dilemma, as the country would become Burma's only strong supporter.

Since 1991, India has pursued a Look East policy to very good result. It started out courting the economies of Asean and East Asia. In the following years, it has forged closer ties with Singapore, Thailand, Indonesia and Japan. The country's relations progressed and resulted in the overall strengthening of ties between India and Asean.

The abrupt change in its policy towards Burma in the mid-1990s was in response to China's southward policy in Southeast Asia and domestic concerns over insurgents in Nagaland. That was understandable, but the trouble is that India has been doing more by strengthening the regime in the past several years with ammunition and arms. Mukherjee denied outright that India has sold arms to Burma. Maybe India did not sell the arms but simply gave them to the junta. India has to answer these questions in front of the international community.

Obviously, India-Burma relations cannot go on forever like this. It does not make sense.

It is strange but true, but this policy is reminiscent of the days when New Delhi chose to back the Heng Samrin regime, knowing full well that it would be fruitless. That misguided policy caused a long delay in the strengthening of India-Asean relations. It will be interesting to watch India and its diplomatic efforts if a new consensus emerges within Asean pushing for India to do more to contribute to the opening up of Burma.